Pendragon Castle, Mallerstang

Pendragon Castle

Mallerstang

nr Kirkby Stephen

Cumbria

Pendragon Castle:

The remains of Pendragon castle lay about 5 miles to the South of Kirkby Stephen, on the B6259. The road winds its way along the bottom of Mallerstang valley with the river Eden at its side, and the spectacular Mallerstang Edge cutting the skyline to the East of the castle. The valley is home to three main fortified buildings: Lammerside Castle, Wharton Hall, and, most spectacularly, Pendragon Castle.

The remains of the little castle, sit on the summit of a small spur of land that juts out over the river Eden below it. The earthworks stand to around 12 metres high, with the solid remains of two causeways breaking the ditch that encircles the castle. Indeed, the ditch\dry moat that runs around the castle is around 3 metres deep and some 7 metres wide. Legend has it that Uther Pendragon, the legendary eponymous builder of the original castle, tried in vain to redirect the river Eden into the castle’s moat, but failed at every attempt.

The masonry remains are quite substantial, but what has been lost along the way is even greater. The walls stand to between 2 to 4 metres thick in places, demonstrating the defensive capabilities of the building, and still stand in places to second floor height, but mainly to ground and first floor. The third and top storey of the castle has long since collapsed, mostly filling the interior with rubble. It is this masonry ‘rubbish’ that forms the floor over which you have to clamber once inside the castle walls.

The original entrance to the tower was through a centrally placed doorway in the North wall. This was re-enforced with a portcullis, the grooves in which this would have been raised and lowered can still be seen in the masonry surrounding the door. There are the remains of two spiral staircases either side of the doorway, still surviving to a minimal height, and accessed through beautiful sandstone doorways.

The interior of the castle would have been partitioned off into smaller rooms, both at ground level, first floor, second and third floors, but all interior\dividing walls have long since been dismantled or have collapsed.

Much of the outer stone cladding has been removed over the years, possibly for nearby buildings, but probably on the instructions of previous owners for more substantial and regal buildings elsewhere.

The castle is thought to date from the latter part of the 12th century….possibly from around 1173. Hugh de Moreville is thought to have had ownership of the original castle, from around the late 1170’s or early 1180’s. What part of the remains represent this early castle is hard to tell, but the remains are substantial enough, and diverse enough to suggest that rebuilding, renovation and expansion have been an ongoing part of the castle’s history. Documentary evidence exists telling us that the castle was restored to the ownership of Hugh de Morville’s nephew, Robert de Vipont in 1203, with ownership then passing to Robart de Leyburne in around 1269. When de Vipont died in 1283, the castle was mentioned in documents as ‘the castle of Mallerstang’.
For the most part, the castle we see today probably dates from 1309, when a licence to crenellate the tower was granted to Robert de Clifford. The licence was granted by Edward II, and was probably as a result of a request by Robert in view of Scottish attacks on the area. Ownership of the castle was forfeited by Roger de Clifford to Edward II, when he was captured by Edward’s army at the battle of Boroughbridge. However, ownership was restored to the de Cliffords in 1323.

An attack on the castle in 1341 by the Scots, caused so much damage, mainly by fire, that it was largely abandoned until around 1360 when it was rebuilt and extended. The corner turret that stands out from the South West wall, was probably built at this time, by Robert de Clifford. The castle remained inhabited until 1541, when a fire again damaged the castle beyond repair. It wasn’t until 1660, that it was restored again, this time by Lady Anne Clifford.

These inconspicous mounds of earth may represent the remains of the footings\foundations of stables built by Lady Anne Clifford.

The castle enjoyed over 20 years of care and attention, until it was partially dismantled in around 1685, by the Earl of Thanet, Lady Anne’s successor. The castle was superfluous to requirements, and masonry, lead and timber were removed and used in the upkeep mainly of Appleby Castle.

Today the castle sits in a quiet and remote part of the Cumbrian fells, with hardly any passing traffic and only the odd walker for company. Although it’s sited on private land, access is allowed. The surrounding field, moat and the interior of the castle are fully accessible.

Heversham Hall, Heversham

Heversham Hall
Heversham
Cumbria


Heversham Hall lays just off the A6 in Heversham, and can be viewed from the road, from the A6, and from the B road that runs along the front of the property. The pele tower remains can just be seen above the stone wall running parallel to the A6, although in Summer it's difficult to see this tiny scrap of wall.

The site is split into three parts. First off is the hall, still standing and inhabited, and built in the mid 14th century. Secondly, and of the same period, is the portion of wall, once belonging to a small pele tower or solar block. The tower was probably built in 1348, and by 1540, was abandoned and probably dismantled or demolished. For some reason, the one free standing wall, measuing around 15 feet tall, by 10 feet wide with a small window, was retained, and still stands to the side of the hall. In all likely-hood, the masonry from the tower was re-used in the hall. The third part of the site, is the, as yet, unexplored earthworks in the field between the hall and the A6. Judging by the photo of the hall taken from the side of A6, the site looks as if it's possibly surrounded by the shallow remains of a ditch or possibly a shallow moat. Some documentary evidence points at this possability, but there doesn't seem to have been any exploration of these features.

The pele tower here, belongs to quite a large group of pele towers in the area, including Wraysholme, Arnside, Beetham, Burneside, Skelsmergh, Selside, Ubarrow, Godmond, Preston Patrick, Hazelslack and Hollin. The sheer number of pele towers in the area is staggering, and many of them appear to be in good condition. This is one of two in the area that consist soley of one simple scrap of wall...the other being Dalton Old Hall near Burton in Kendal.

The hall, and possibly the tower, were built by the Wyndesores family, with the rebuild of the hall undertaken by the Buskell family in 1540. The tower is thought to have been abandoned at this time.

Burton Hall, Warcop

Burton Hall

Warcop

Cumbria.

The only known remains of Burton Hall in Warcop, possibly a fortified manor house, now lay in the church yard of St Columba in Warcop. They conisist soley of a small portion of a window, and a doorway.

We know that the hall and the family that owned it were important in the area, as St Columba's had a Burton Hall chapel, as well as a chapel for the family from nearby Warcop Tower.

The hall was situated in what is now the Warcop training army training area.....marked on the map as a 'Danger Area'. On the day I visited, tanks and machine guns could clearly be heard.

The remains of the door are thought to belong to the 15th century hall, now completely demolished, which originally lay about three quarters of a mile North of the A66. The map still shows that the earthworks of fish ponds survive to this day. The manor of Burton, which itself is about two miles North of Warcop, was originally held by the Burton family, until it passed to the Hiltons (who have a Burton Hall pew inside the church), and then finally to the Wyberghs of Clifton near Penrith (who have name and memorial plaques in the church at Clifton)

The English Heritage web site has an excellent photo of the remains of the moat and fish ponds.
( http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ConMediaFile.16632 ) Why the remains of the window (which I couldn't find) and the doorway were moved here, and not kept in the hamlet of Burton, I do not know....but the remains are an indication of the ornamentation instilled in the hall, and that has now obviously vanished. If you venture out to see the church at Warcop, the doorway is hidden in the undergrowth to the rear of the church, and backs onto the driveway of the old vicarage.

Church of St Laurence, Morland

St Laurence

Morland

nr Penrith

Cumbria

The church of St Lawrence at Morland is one of the oldest churches in Cumbria. With it’s 11th century tower, 13th, 14th and 16th century walls, it is a unique church in the area, being the only Saxon tower. The manor of Morland was originaly held by Ivo de Tailebois, who also held the manor of Kirkby Kendale (Kendal) The church was one of those that he granted to St Mary's Abbey at York, along with the parish church in Kendal. The parish of Morland is therefore somewhere in the region of at least 940 years old....with the possibility that the Saxon tower and any church that it may once have been connected to, may have been considerably older.

The tower is the crown jewel in this building, dating from some time before the Norman invasion of 1066. Like many of the older churches in this area, there is no sign of a door on the outside walls of the tower. Instead, a tall, narrow doorway exists inside the church, standing to around seven feet. The top portion of the tower, which is slightly narrower than the Saxon portion, was probably added in the 17th century, with the lead spire being added much later on.

The walls to the North of the North aisle are mainly 18th century, with a 12th century chapel immediately to the East now housing the organ. The arches between the Nave and the North and South aisles are all 13th century, except the two supports that are built into the tower….these are probably 12th century…the only surviving architecture from this period. The church seems to have lost most of the 12th century masonry, with a mass of 13th century building still surviving.

This phase includes the impressive doorway in the South wall, with its classic Norman arch and supports, unfortunately hidden away within the 17th century porch.

The South aisle walls, and those of the chapel here, all date from the 13th century, while the chancel at the Eastern end of the church seems to be 16th century.

In the North chapel, and the South wall of the Chancel, two 14th or 15th century screen surrounds survive….adorned with heads and angels.

A grave slab, decorated with a plant motif has been re-set into the chapel wall, and is remarkably intact and well defined.

The church seems to be one of those that is left open for people to visit, but unfortunatley, the tower was locked.